National system of innovation: an analysis of the systems in Brazil and Germany

Authors

  • Michele Mamede
  • Luciana Peixoto Santa Rita UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS
  • Eliana Maria Oliveira Sá Federação das Indústrias do Estado de Alagoas/ Instituto Euvaldo Lodi de Alagoas – IEL/AL, Brasil
  • Vanderleia Rafaelli Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento/ Divisão de Competitividade e Inovação, Brasil
  • Denise Pinto Gadelha Federação das Indústrias do Estado da Paraíba/ Direção de Articulação Institucional da FIEP/SENAI, Brasil
  • Celi Cabral Sousa Junior Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas / Gerência de Acesso à Inovação e Tecnologia, Brasil
  • Natalino Uggioni Federação das Indústrias do Estado de Santa Catarina / Instituto Euvaldo Lodi de Santa Catarina, Brasil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22279/navus.2016.v6n4.p06-25.389

Keywords:

National System of Innovation. Germany. Brazil.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to establish a comparison between the National System of Innovation in Germany and in Brazil based on their characteristics and articulations. It is an exploratory study based on qualitative approach, making use of bibliographical and documental research, participant observation, with visits to the main actors of the National System of Innovation in Brazil and Germany as well as analysis of secondary data. The results indicate that, in Germany, the characteristics of the system are: a) high  levels of R&D in companies; b) worldwide levels of research institutions; c) institutionalized partnerships between companies and universities; d) high number of patent registrations; e) efficient professional education through a dual system; f) investment in education around 5,4% of the GDP; g) shared responsibility governance among different ministries in different levels of the political system; h) federal and state joint financing of research. The Brazilian system, on the other hand, can be considered complex and little diversified, formed mainly by institutions of the public sector, with emphasis in Latin America for the insertion of FINEP/FNDCT and the competitiveness of companies such as EMBRAER, PETROBRAS and EMBRAPA. The Brazilian policies to stimulate industrial competitiveness are ineffectual and inefficient, mainly because there was no intellectual capital development, only importation of equipment, which did not encompass policies turned to quality, innovation and competitiveness. These were only taken into account by the time of the commercial opening in the 90´s.

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Author Biography

Luciana Peixoto Santa Rita, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS

Luciana Peixoto Santa RitaProfessora  do Curso de Administração da Universidade Federal de AlagoasProfessora do Mestrado Profissional em Administração Pública em Rede Nacional (PROFIAP) e do Mestrado em Economia AplicadaEmail: lupsantarita@gmail.comCel.: +55 (82) 99997-7275
Currículo Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9511112631138534

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Published

2016-10-20

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Articles